Psychology Study Guide

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Which of the following emotions has been shown in research to have considerable cross-culture agreement?
Answer
A. fear.

__________ psychologists study the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes that people experience throughout their lives.
Answer
D.
Developmental

Which of the following types of changes are of interest to a developmental psychologist?
D.
Physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes


A(n) __________ refers to a group of people who lived during the same time period.
Answer
B.
cohort



Xiao is gathering research on the number of meals people eat. He gathers data about the number of daily meals eaten by
25 people at each of the following ages – 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years – over the course of one week, and looks for developmental differences. What type of research design is Xiao using?
Answer
B.
Cross-sectional


When attempting to understand developmental transitions that people face throughout their life span, which of the following research designs would be most informative?
Answer
B.
Longitudinal designs

The major issue of __________ explores how development is influenced by both genetics and life experiences.
A. Nature/nurture


Bonus question: Which existed first, the chicken or the egg?
B.
The egg

Which of the following is true concerning the nature–nurture debate?
Answer
B.
Most researchers are either pro-nature or pro-nurture when describing the causes of human behavior.

According to the discrete emotions theory, emotions are ________.
Answer
None of the above


Which of the following emotions would be most difficult to read from facial expression alone?
Answer
A.
Envy

Cultural guidelines that can regulate expression of emotion are called
D.
display rules.

When Rose arrived, she was smiling but with no drooping of eyelids or crinkling in the corners of her
eyes. She is probably showing a(n)
B.
fake emotion.

Larry comes home to find his house on fire. Which of his following statements best represents the
James-Lange theory?
Answer
D.
“I am afraid because I am shaking.”

According to the ________, seeing a crocodile in the swamp would lead simultaneously to both the emotion fear and running away at the same time. However, the ________ would suggest that people are afraid because they run away.
C.
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion; James-Lange theory of emotion

Among the major principles guiding attraction and relationship formation, ________ plays a more important role when a relationship moves to deeper levels.
C. reciprocity

The tendency to overestimate people's fragility and underestimate their resilience is known as
Answer
A.
clinician's illusion.

Stress is a(n) _________ while a stressor is a(n) _________.
Answer
D.
response; stimulus

Corticosteroids are stress hormones that
Answer
activate the body and prepare it to respond to stressful circumstances.

Which of the following statements is true?
Hassles are minor annoyances or nuisances that tax one's ability to cope.

Many people believe that difficult events such as divorce are caused by stress, and yet they fail to consider the possibility that these events may actually BE the cause of stress. In fact, the relationship may go both ways at the same time! Which concept from this chapter is demonstrated by this uncertain relationship?
Answer
A.
Correlation vs. causation

________ is the mental shortcut we use to judge the likelihood of an event and the ease with which it comes to mind.
B.
The availability heuristic

Jabba the Hutt follows the latest diet fad. This diet requires him to restrict his caloric intake to 1,000 calories a day for several weeks. What kind of diet is this known as?
Crash diet

Which of the following would NOT be useful to help promote a healthy lifestyle?
Reduce unnecessary exercise 

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