History Multiple Choice 3
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According to 2007 Census data, African Americans comprise about 12.3% of the U.S. population.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. This is the largest proportion in our history.
b. The proportion of African Americans has remained almost the same from the late 1700's to
the present.
c. This is smaller than the proportion of African Americans prior to the Civil War.
d. Since slaves were not counted in the census, we do not know how many African Americans
lived in the U.S. before the Civil War.
Reference: Page 55
3.2. Which of the following groups constitutes the largest non-white racial ethnic group in the United States?
a. African Americans
b. Hispanic Americans
c. Asian Americans
d. Native Americans
Reference: Page 55
3.3. According to the Aulette textbook, the history of the African Americans can be traced through four
historical periods including all of the following EXCEPT:
a. sharecropping era.
b. industrialization era.
c. the Civil War era.
d. the New South or post-Civil Rights era.
Reference: Page 56
3.4. Prior to the Civil War what proportion of African Americans were slaves?
a. 100%
b. 90%
c. 60%
d. 40%
Reference: Page 57
3.5. During the historical period of slavery, approximately _____ percent of Southern whites owned one or
more slaves.
a. 90%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
Reference: Page 57
3.6. What proportion of African Americans were free during the slavery era?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 20%
Reference: Page 57
3.7. During slavery, slaves were viewed as property by the legal system. They had no legal rights
a. except they had the legal right to marry if their owner approved.
b. and they were not allowed to legally marry.
c. but married slaves could not be forced to have sex with a slave owner.
d. but slave owners could not separate slave children from their mothers until they reached the
age of 15.
Reference: Page 57
3.8. Historians have debated whether President Thomas Jefferson had sexual relations with one of his slaves,
Sally Hemings, and produced slave children by her. Textbook author Judy Aulette concluded that
a. the accusations were false and were promoted by political enemies of Jefferson.
b. the DNA evidence supports the assertion that at least one of Sally Hemings children was
fathered by Jefferson.
c. we will probably never know because there is no real evidence, just rumors.
d. Jefferson loved his wife too much to have an affair with anyone much less with a slave.
Reference: Page 58
3.9. Which of the following is true regarding the legal relationship between slave parents and their children?
a. Children could not be sold away from their parents until they were seven years of age.
b. Children could not be sold away from their parents until they were 13 years of age.
c. Children could not be sold until they were adults at age 18 unless they were sold together
with their mother.
d. Slave parents had no legal rights regarding their children who could be sold away from them
at anytime.
Reference: Page 58
3.10. The ritual of "jumping the broom" refers to ...
a. the act of slaves running away from the plantation.
b. a secret code used by the Underground Railroad to warn runaways of search parties.
c. resistance to Jim Crow laws in which African Americans ignored "whites only" signs.
d. the practice of a slave couple jumping over a broom as a symbol of their commitment to one
another regardless of their legal right to marry.
Reference: Page 59
3.11. An "abroadwife" was the name given to ...
a. plantation owners' wives because they frequently traveled to Europe.
b. slave women who lived on different plantations than their husbands.
c. slave women who were allowed to legally marry their husbands.
d. African American women who were married during the sharecropping period.
Reference: Page 60
3.12. What were the two most common reasons that prompted slaves to run away?
a. Resentment over punishment and to find relatives.
b. To marry a person of one's own choice and to get more to eat.
c. To seek freedom in the north and to try to return to Africa.
d. The work was too hard and to escape sexual abuse.
Reference: Page 60
3.13. The work of African American scholar Angela Davis indicates that the dominant family organization
among slaves was
a. a nuclear family consisting of a husband, wife and children.
b. an extended family consisting of a woman, her adult daughters and their children.
c. an extended family consisting of both kin and close friends.
d. a nuclear family consisting of a woman and her children.
Reference: Page 61
3.14. To reduce the number of runaway slaves and slave rebellions, South Carolina passed a law requiring
plantation owners to
a. feed slaves more adequately.
b. allow slaves to marry.
c. keep slave children with their parents until they were 16.
d. search slave quarters for runaways and weapons every two weeks.
Reference: Page 62
3.15. Scholars disagree about the extended family system found among African American slaves. While
some agree with Angela Davis that it was a functional adaptation to the disruptions of slavery, other
contend that
a. the slaves really maintained nuclear families throughout the historical period of slavery.
b. the slaves maintained extended family systems similar to those in West Africa from which
they had been taken.
c. we have too little data to document the existence of a true extended family system.
d. slaves were treated as individuals so they were unable to maintain any family system.
Reference: Page 62-63
3.16. The ancestors of many African Americans came from West African societies. All of the following
describe the families in these societies EXCEPT:
a. Nuclear families who predominately live in separate households.
b. The concept of family includes many people who may not live in the same household.
c. Extended kin are thought of and treated as family instead of limiting family to nuclear
families.
d. Includes as family many people who may not be related by blood but who may be
incorporated into a family through informal adoption and foster care.
Reference: Page 63
3.17. Third Wave feminism focuses on
a. a generalized concept of women; what all women have in common.
b. getting the Equal Rights Amendment passed.
c. the differences among women and their experiences.
d. work-related issues instead of the family- related issues of the First Wave.
Reference: Page 63
3.18. In comparing the Euro-American (white) middle-class women and the African-American slave women
in the nineteenth century, Aulette concludes that the assignment of family work including cooking, child
care, cleaning, etc
a. diminished the internal community power and leadership of both the Euro-American and
African-American women.
b. enhanced the internal community power and leadership of the Euro-American women but
diminished it for the African-American women.
c. enhanced the internal community power and leadership of the African-American women but
diminished it for the Euro-American women.
d. enhanced the internal community power and leadership of both the Euro-American and
African-American women.
Reference: Page 64
3.19. After laws were passed in 1807 making the importation of slaves illegal,
a. slavers continued to smuggle new slaves from Africa into the American South often bribing
officials to ignore violations of the law.
b. African American women in the deep South with large, cotton plantations were required to
bear large numbers of children.
c. African American women in border states without large cotton plantations were required to
bear large numbers of children.
d. plantation owners increasingly used the labor of poorly-paid whites.
Reference: Page 64
3.20. Lacking the large, lucrative cotton plantations of the Deep South, slave owners in the border states
developed an industry of using slaves for
a. tobacco farming.
b. semi-skilled and skilled crafts.
c. the production of children slaves.
d. unskilled factory work.
Reference: Page 64
3.21. The slave women in the Deep South had lower birth rates than those in the border states because
a. they secretly used birth control herbs.
b. periodic epidemics caused sterility.
c. they were worked so hard they were less able to bear children.
d. stronger religious beliefs reduced sexual activity.
Reference: Page 64
3.22. What was the difference between the childbearing rates of black women in the border states and black
women in the lower South?
a. Women in the border states gave birth to more children than those in the lower South.
b. Women in the border states gave birth to fewer children than those in the lower South.
c. Women in both places had about the same, unusually- high birth rates.
d. Women in both places had about the same, unusually- low birth rates
Reference: Page 64
3.23. The basic unit of labor under slavery was the ________. The basic unit of labor under sharecropping
was the ________.
a. nuclear family ... individual.
b. individual ... nuclear family.
c. individual ... individual
d. extended family ... nuclear family
Reference: Page 65
3.24. Which form of family organization became dominant among African American sharecroppers after the
Civil War?
a. Extended-family households.
b. Nuclear families.
c. Transitional cohabitation.
d. Single-parent families.
Reference: Page 65
3.25. Interviews with African-American women during the sharecropping era revealed that they
a. became full-time homemakers and left the fieldwork and paid employment to men.
b. wanted to work full- time either in the field and as domestics for white employers to make
money and improve the living standard of their families.
c. were pressured against their will by the white community to work more in the field and to
take low-paid employment doing domestic work for white families.
d. refused to do fieldwork which they defined as men's work and sought part-time work as
domestics to earn income.
Reference: Pages 66
3.26. African American sharecropping families were likely to be
a. male-dominated nuclear families.
b. female-dominated nuclear families.
c. split families with men working on plantations far away from their wives and children.
d. matriarchal extended families.
Reference: Page 67
3.27. The end of slavery and the development of sharecropping
a. had little effect on the family organization of African Americans.
b. created a shift in power between African American women and men that benefited women.
c. created a shift in power between African American wo men and men that benefited men.
d. changed the African American family organization to an extended family similar to what
their ancestors had practiced in West Africa.
Reference: Page 67
3.28. The change from slavery to sharecropping among African American families
a. provided economic benefits so that children could attend school and enjoy economic
mobility.
b. prompted the end of racial discrimination.
c. diminished the equality between men and women found in slavery.
d. allowed African Americans to buy the land they worked with sharecropping payments.
Reference: Page 66
3.29. During the period of Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War, former slave owners re-enslaved
African Americans under the age of 21 through
a. legal quasi-adoption of orphans and other children whose parents could not care for them.
b. indentured servitude if their parents were not legally married or were declared as not
employing the children in honest industrious occupations.
c. legal guardianship by declaring parents "unfit" often without any evidence supporting the
claim.
d. labeling it a substitution for payments of the debts of their parents.
Reference: Page 68
3.30. Historians and sociologists cited in Aulette differ in their explanations of the decrease of equality
between men and women as African American families moved from slavery to sharecropping. Some
suggest that men were attempting to vindicate their manhood by asserting authority over women. Others
suggest that ...
a. the seclusion of women in nuclear families with men handling the direct contact with white
landowners and merchants was a strategy to protect women from a real threat.
b. the families were merely imitating what they saw in white families and following the norms
of Anglo culture.
c. patriarchy is the natural order of things and will happen in the absence of inhibiting factors
such as slavery.
d. the claim is a myth and African American families maintained equality.
Reference: Page 68
3.31. The Great Migration between 1910 and 1930 refers to African Americans moving from
a. the South to the North.
b. plantations to individuals farms.
c. the United States to Africa.
d. manufacturing jobs to domestic jobs.
Reference: Pages 69
3.32. The impact of the Great Migration meant that African American men moved from ______________ and
African American women moved from _______________.
a. South to North ... Rural South to Urban South.
b. agricultural work to manufacturing work ... agricultural work to domestic work.
c. agricultural work to manufacturing work ... working for wages to being full-time housewives.
d. factory work to self-employment ... self-employment to factory work.
Reference: Page 69
3.33. Industrialization of the South and the growing demands for factory laborers
a. brought African American women and men from agricultural into manufacturing jobs.
b. brought African American men into the factories but barred African American women from
that work.
c. pulled African American women out of their jobs as maids and into the factories.
d. pulled whites into factory jobs but left African American women and men in the fields.
Reference: Page 69
3.34. Around 1880 the U. S. Government developed a policy "to obliterate the cultural heritage of Native
Americans and to replace it with the values of Anglo-American society." The key strategy to
accomplish this was
a. extermination through massacres, starvation and deliberate infections of disease.
b. to remove children from their tribal homes and families and place them in far-way boarding
schools so that they did not see their families for several years.
c. government-supported missions on every reservation, required religious conversion to
Christianity, and prohibitions against speaking native languages and engaging in cultural
practices, rituals or traditions.
d. none of the above -- the federal government officials predicted that the Native Americans
would voluntarily give up their native culture for the superior Anglo culture.
Reference: Pages 70
3.35. Native Americans were moved to isolated reservations, but their children were sent to schools off the
reservation because
a. Native American parents believed this was the best way for their children to gain an
education.
b. the school system wanted Native American children to be educated together in order to allow
them to retain their culture.
c. the government wanted to eliminate the Native American culture and replace it with the
values of the Anglo American society.
d. of the need for economic efficiency since the families were so scattered.
Reference: Pages 70
3.36. Japanese American women and men in the United States became live-in domestic help for whites in
large numbers between 1910 and 1930 because
a. their entire family could live and work together in an apartment provided by the employer.
b. immigration rules limited the types of jobs they could hold.
c. of race and gender discrimination in factory employment.
d. the free housing allowed them to save money.
Reference: Page 71
3.37. The Underground Railroad was
a. a large international network of black and white people who smuggled slaves out of the
South before the Civil War.
b. the first subway in New York City which was built by an African American.
c. the segregated, crowded and dingy railroad cars in which African Americans were required
to sit.
d. the name given to the Union troops by slaves in the South.
Reference: Page 72
3.38. Under the sharecropping system, landowners
a. required African American women and children to work in the fields.
b. forbid African American women and children from working in the fields so women could do
household work and children could go to school.
c. required African American children to work in the fields but forbid women from helping in
the fields so women could do their household work and take care of large vegetable gardens.
d. paid a small wage to the male head of the family for the family's work.
Reference: Page 72
3.39. Jim Crow laws refer to
a. the legally required segregation of blacks and whites in the South.
b. legal requirements once forcing Native Americans to live on reservations.
c. the few legal rights given to slaves.
d. the popular label given the Civil Rights Act of 1963.
Reference: Page 73
3.40. What was the result of the 1847-1848 War with Mexico?
a. Texas was annexed from Mexico into the United States.
b. The residents of California and Texas voted to secede from Mexico and join the United
States.
c. The U.S. purchased about half of Mexico, including the land that now comprises Texas,
Arizona, New Mexico, California, and Colorado.
d. Spain (representing Mexico) and the United States divided territory not previously claimed
by European colonizing countries and ignored the property rights of the Native American
residents.
Reference: Page 74
3.41. In the late 1800's Chinese and Chicano (Mexican American) families
a. were organized differently from each other because of their different religious beliefs.
b. were organized similarly because nuclear families in both groups were split apart, with
women and children living in one community while men lived and worked in another.
c. were nearly nonexistent in the U.S. because these two groups did not immigrate to the United
States until after 1920.
d. were organized similarly because entire families in both groups worked together as labor
units (men, women and children) for land or factory owners.
Reference: Page 74
3.42. Today more and more women from Mexico, Honduras, Ecuador and other Latin American countries are
coming to the United States as the demand for their labor grows. Aulette reports that
a. these are mostly single women without husbands and children who live cooperatively with
four or five other Latina women.
b. they join together with other family members, mostly brothers, sisters and cousins.
c. they bring their children to join husbands thus reuniting split families.
d. many of them are leaving their children behind in their country of origin.
Reference: Page 75
3.43. Chinese workers were unlikely to bring their families with them to the United States in the 1800's for all
of the following are reasons EXCEPT:
a. Chinese men enjoyed the freedom of traveling back and forth between the United States and
China every year or two.
b. Families in China believed that if the man left his wife and children behind he would be more
likely to return and more likely to send money back home.
c. The United State government forbade Chinese women from entering the country after 1882.
d. They feared racial harassment and attacks in the United States.
Reference: Page 75
3.44. The controversial film, Salt of the Earth, was based on an actual event in the 1950's New Mexico during
which
a. the wives of striking male miners marched on the picket lines while the men took over the
wives' usual household duties.
b. members of several different churches joined together in an unprecedented ecumenical
cooperative effort to rebuild a public school after hate- motivated arson.
c. a diverse but previously racially segregated community peacefully integrated their schools
and improved the quality of education for everyone.
d. Native Americans won their court case closing the infamous, harsh boarding schools and
requiring the government to build community schools on all reservations.
Reference: Page 76-77
3.45. Structuration Theory includes the concept of agency which refers to
a. micro- level social activities that influence the macro- level society.
b. macro- level societal influences on the micro- level social activities.
c. social institutions that maintain the status quo.
d. social institutions that challenge the status quo.
Reference: Page 77
3.46. Structuration Theory was developed around the question of the relationship between
a. dominant and subordinate racial groups.
b. micro and macro levels of society.
c. different generations in society.
d. capitalist owners and wage workers.
Reference: Pages 77
3.47. Anthony Giddens (cited by Aulette) developed Structuration Theory, including the term____________,
to describe the mechanism by which people act on their surroundings (microlevel), causing a change to
occur in the social structure (macrolevel).
a. Symbolic Orders
b. Marxism
c. Interactionism
d. Agency
Reference: Page 78
3.48. Structuration Theory divides social structure into four clusters. These include all EXCEPT
a. symbolic orders
b. political institutions
c. religious institutions
d. laws
Reference: Pages 78
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