Witchcraft Crisis

Do you live in NYC?
Is your home starting to look a bit messy and dirty?
Have it professionally cleaned by my company!
Check us out or refer us to someone you may know that may need our services.
nationalpremiercleaning.com


If you have any test reviews, homeworks, guides, anything school related that you think can be posted on this website, reach out to me at makingschooleasier@gmail.com  

I. Imperial Reorganization and the Witchcraft Crisis

    A. Mercantilism and Navigation Acts

1. England, like many other European countries, based itself on commercial policies of assumptions of the world’s economic system, called mercantilism.

2. All nations sought to become economically independent or stable by performing a certain amount of trade where more is exported than imported.

3. The English Parliament passed the Navigation Acts addressing the mother country and its colonial possessions. It regulated that only English merchants or sailors could trade in the colonies. It also claimed that the goods being exported to the colonies had to be shipped through England, imposing duties.

    B. Colonial Autonomy Challenged

1. Though the Navigation Acts restricted the actions of the colonies, the mainland government and its residents were used to having local autonomy.

2. In the English colonies, free men with a certain amount of property were expected to have a voice in government, especially in decisions concerning taxes.

3. Sir Edmund Andros was put as governor who had much power in the colonies because he only had to report to an appointed council. Under him, Parliament removed all assemblies.

    C. Glorious Revolution in America

1. After withstanding Andros’ governing for two years, New England received word that James II was not on the throne anymore, so they acted to remove Andros from his seat as well.

2. In April of the year 1689, many of Boston’s leaders jailed Andros and his associates. They later received definite affirmation that James was dethroned in the coup known as the Glorious Revolution.

3. This news of the Glorious Revolution sparked many other colonies to revolt against the current government, such as in Maryland where the Protestant Association took out the Catholic proprietor.

    D. King William’s War

1. After being dethroned, James II allied himself with King Louis XIV of France. England then declared war on France in 1689.

2. Before war broke out in Europe, Maine and the Abenakis were battling again over the land in Maine, which was being occupied by the English.

    E. The 1692 Witchcraft Crisis

1. For a period of eight months in 1692, many witch trials took place in Massachusetts (Essex County).

2. The trials and accusations began in February of 1692 when some children and young women accused female neighbors that they had harassed them in a “spectral form.”

3. In October of the same year, the intensity of the witch trials lowered when the governor disassembled the court that addressed the suspects.

    F. New Imperial Measures

1. In 1696, England created the Board of Trade and Plantations, which was to direct and regulate the commerce of the colonies.

2. Although this was a step in colonial administration, the supervision of the colonies was still more local than national – decentralized.

3. Colonists who allied with the royal government received land grants and privileges that were beneficial to them. They were also able to join “court parties” through this connection.

1. How did mercantilism benefit England and the colonies?

Mercantilism was primarily beneficial to England because it supplied England with raw materials and goods, which would serve to open up the market of the mother country. Using these goods being received from its American possessions, they were able to transport them abroad as a market. Through the Navigation Acts that the English Parliament passed, the system of mercantilism was to function. It ensured that the colonists could only sell to English ships and merchants. These acts also instated that valuable commodities could also be shipped from the colonies, to other English colonies and England itself. Lastly, goods travelling to the English colonies had to pass through the mother country and pay a duty. These regulations economically fueled England because it gave it a steady market with its colonies and opened up new ones with the resources being extracted from the American lands. The colonies were also able to gain from mercantilism in some ways. Many merchants and exporters obtained a ready market for their goods with England. Also, ship builders like those in New England, were able to profit from the laws that stimulated the creation of a colonial shipbuilding industry.

2. How were Puritan religious practices changing?

At first, the reason Puritans were in the Americas was for religious toleration and freedom. They intended on purifying the ways of the church (Congregationalists) and preaching it in the new lands. However, as the generations continued to dwell on the American mainland, the practices of the Puritans changed; the people shifted from cleansing the morals and practices of the church to cultivating cash crops for the market. In doing so, they implemented the use of slavery. To justify these actions, the Puritans referred to the Old Testament, which supported the use of it. They claimed that God approved of their actions. This shows a shift in objectives and goals of the Puritans. It also shows the change in religious practices.

3. Why did the Salem witch craze occur?

The Salem witch craze was a result of bad happenings. For all mishaps and tragedies, there had to be a reason, so therefore the excuse of or belief of witchcraft and supernatural forces developed. Mainly targeting women, the witch craze affected many villages, and made people confess to being witches. “Their province was under direct assault not only by the Indians and their French allies but also by the Devil and his allied witches” (A People and a Nation 86)

Do you live in NYC?

Is your home starting to look a bit messy and dirty?

Have it professionally cleaned by my company!

Check us out or refer us to someone you may know that may need our services.

nationalpremiercleaning.com

If you have any test reviews, homeworks, guides, anything school related that you think can be posted on this website, reach out to me at makingschooleasier@gmail.com