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Contingency Tables

If you have any test reviews, homeworks, guides, anything school related that you think can be posted on this website, reach out to me at makingschooleasier@gmail.com   1. How does stress affect sleep?  (particularly in college students) Stress can cause insomnia, loss of concentration while in class or doing any of the daily life activities.  It makes the likelihood of deep sleep less favorable and consumes more resources from the individual.  As a result, people and students alike are less focus on everyday task including attention during class. 2. What issues affect sleep with respect to stress? Students often face Family/ personal issues, work-related issues, financial issues, class conflicts, peer pressure, and professors.  Issues can come from every aspect of life that can occupy their mind at all hours of the day and night.  There have also been a positive correlation found between stress in life and sleep-walking, which can leave the student tired in the morning even tho

Independent Events

If you have any test reviews, homeworks, guides, anything school related that you think can be posted on this website, reach out to me at makingschooleasier@gmail.com    Independent Events Event A is said to be independent of event B is the conditional probability  P( AB)is the same as the unconditional probability P(A).   In other words, if the probability of event A is the same whether or not event B occurs, Event A is an independent event. Ex. In the example from our homework of female, white smokers. Is the event of being a smoker said to be “independent” of being Caucasian?  We know these aren’t  causal  events, but do they have some dependent relationship?  There’s a mathematical way to conclude that: P( A  ∩ B)/P(B) = P(A)  [B given A is the same as A itself) =  P( A ∩ B) = P(A) x  P(B) Using the stats given to us in  Example 5.21  (p. 184): P(S) = .246  (Females aged between 18 and 24 who are smokers )   [ For fitting into the formula above, let this be P(A)]