family studies..?

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How does the practice of “transnational mothering” in the Philippines differ from the African American non-custodial parents? The mother is in charge of productive labor.

All of the following represent recent trends in the American family except:

a. delayed marriage

b. fewer people living alone

c. a surge in the number of cohabiting couples

d. more single parent families

Many scholars ultimately attribute changes in the contemporary family to fundamental shifts in __________ in American society. gender roles

The average age to get married is 25 for women and 27 for men

Gays and lesbians are discriminated against in terms of marriage rights.

True/False:

Dating is an old institution that began in the 17th century

Marriage is a social institution that is controlled exclusively by the state

History indicates that family change is inevitable.

Short answers:

Be able to explain the idea of “shifting the center” with examples from class discussions and articles.

The idea of “shifting the center”, illustrates how feminist theorizing about motherhood might be shifted if different voices became central in feminist discourse. Shifting the center to accommodate this diversity promises to recontextualize motherhood and point us toward feminist theorizing that embraces difference as an essential part of commonality.

Women of color motherhood differ from white motherhood(center). Women of color have performed motherwork that challenges social constructions of work and family as separate spheres, of male and female gender roles as similarly dichotomized, and of the search for autonomy as the guiding human quest.  . Examining survival, power, and identity reveals how racial ethnic women in the U.S encounter and fashion motherwork.

Ex) Work that separate women of color from their children also framed the mothering relationship. Until the 1960s, large numbers of African American, Hispanic, and Asian women work in domestic services. Even though women worked long hours to ensure their children’s physical survival.

For many women of color, choosing to become a mother challenges institutional policies that encourage white middle-class women to reproduce and discourage low-income racial ethnic women from doing so, even penalizing them.

What are problems with defining family?
Definitions of family vary: Historically, Geographically, Culturally

What are the myth of families which we commonly hear in society and the different “realities” of everyday life?

What are norms of sexuality that privilege heterosexuals.

Marriage

Give two examples of different patterns by race or ethnicity and explain how sociologists account for this

What are three factors that have contributed to the changes in patterns of dating?

Societal changes= changes in dating:

Societal changes:

technology (cars, computers)

change in women’s roles/views on sex

Longer periods of dating due to later age of marriage and divorce resulting in people entering back into dating.

Why do more couples today live together before getting married and does it decrease their chances of getting a divorce?

Economic uncertainty and scarcity of economic resources increase the likelihood of cohabitation compared with marriage. The secular rise in the public’s acceptance of cohabitation and of childbearing outside of marriage contributes to a decline in cohabiting partner’s expectations about whether marriage is the “next step” in their relationship.

Young adults became more accepting of nonmartial cohabitation, with increasing percentages agreeing that cohabitation was a “worthwhile experiment” and that it was a good idea to live together before marrying.  

Marriages preceded by cohabitation are more likely to end in separation or divorce than marriages in which the couple did not live together previously.  May be due to differences in the background, attitudes, and behavior of those choosing premarital cohabitation compared with those who do not.

How has societal beliefs about raising children changed according to your readings?

What marriage means has changed over time and the meaning of marriage is constantly debated. Discuss three different factors, issues or changes that highlight the changing nature of marriage in society?

STRUCTURAL FACTORS:

Socioeconomic development

More industrialized and wealthy societies have 1)more single people, 2)higher divorce rates and 3)later age of marriage

Technology ( including birth control)

Changing workforce, role of women

CULTURAL FACTORS:

Feminist movement

Sexual revolution

College norms

Emphasis on romantic love-----finding the “ONE”

Emphasis on individual

We discussed how boys and girls are socialized differently. How are young boys and girls socialized differently and how does this help explain different patterns of behavior for men and women in dating, marriage, and/or parenting?

What are characteristics of motherhood? Of fatherhood?
Mother hood:

It should be the ultimate fulfillment of a woman

It is a natural function for women (taking care of children, and home)

A woman should be devoted to her children, above her own needs.   

Fatherhood:

Conservatives focus on biological parenting differences, stress importance of male headship, breadwinning, respect for authority…Liberals focus on similarities between mothers and fathers, and importance of employment, social services and poss. of more equal marital relations

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