History Terms Defined And Their Importance
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Reconstruction
Black codes- laws passed in southern states to
restrict the rights of former slaves; to nullify the codes congress would pass
the civil rights act of 1866 and the 14th amendment
Andrew Johnson- president after lincoln’s death, a
believer in states right and a deep racist. Allowed the southern planters to
regain much of their land and pardons. Allowed the southern whites a free hand
in local govts. Did not have the ability to make the south accept the reality
of emancipation.
Radical republicans- group within the republican party
in the 1850s and 60s that advocated strong resistance to the expansion of
slavery, opposition to compromise with the south in the secession crisis of
1860 and 1861, emancipation and arming of black soldiers during the civil war,
and equal civil and political rights for blacks during reconstruction
Fourteenth amendment-guaranteed rights of citizenship to
formers slaves. In direct response to the the black codes
Carpetbaggers/scalawags- Carpetbaggers-
derisive term for northern emigrants who participated in the republican
governments of the reconstruction south
Scalawags- Southern white republicans – some former
unionist – who supported reconstruction governments
The Gilded Age
Andrew Carnegie – Scottish. Started ti a vertically
intergrated steel company. 1890s he was a millionaire. He would give most of
his money away to fund public libraries and philanthropies
William boss tweed – corrupt politician on the top of
a political machine that manipulated the poor and lower classes and stole
millions from NY.
The grange – political movement that grew out
of the patons of husbandry an educational and social organization for farmers
founded in 1867: the grange had its greatest success in the Midwest of the
1870s, lobbying for govt control of railroad and grain elevator rates and
establishing farmers cooperatives
Haymarket affair – violence during an anarchist at
haymarket square in Chicago on may 4, 1886, the deaths of eight including seven
policemen, led to the trial of the eight anarchist leaders for conspiracy to
commit murder
Social Darwinism – application of Charles darwins
theory of natural selection to society, used the concept of survival of the
fittest to just justify class distinctions and to explain poverty
Freedoms Boundaries
Populist party – founded in 1892 it advocated a
variety of reform issues including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal
savings, regulation of railroads and direct election of senators
Ida b. wells – big activist in the south that
spoke out against lynching in Memphis.
Booker t. Washington vs. W.E.B. DuBois – booker t Washington said that people should cast down their buckets and
better themselves with an education etc. dubois
American Federation of Labor –founded in 1881 as a
fedartion of trade unions composed of skilled white natice born workers, long
term boss Samuel gompers
White Man’s Burden – Rudyard kipling poem that justified
the imperialism of other places was a noble endeavor
Progressive Era
Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire – a tragic fire that
killed the young women working there because they were locked inside. Showed
the terrible condition, gender roles.
Muckrakers- writers who exposed corruption and
abuses in politics, business, meatpacking, childlabor
Charlottle-perkins gilman - women were seeking a personal independence that was attainable through the
workplace. Being a housewife was oppressive
Margaret sanger – would openly discuss sexuality and
birth control as a mean of liberation for women in a changing time
World War I
Treaty of Versailles – treaty that ended the
war with Germany that called for complete fault by the germans, payment by the
germans, divided up lines countries, formed the league of nations. US did not
join because congress did not approve
Committee on public information -
Prohibition - 18th amendment made alcohol illegal and the Volstead act sought to enforce
this. Pushed by women for their abusive husbands and wasting their wages.
Great migration – large scale migration of southern
blacks during and after wwi to the north where jobs had become available during
the labor shortage of the war
Red scare – fear among many Americans after
wwi of communists and non citizens a reaction to the Russian revolution,
strikes, riots and mail bombs
Palmer raids – Mitchell palmer AG. thinking that
strikes and riots were part of a larger conspiracy he saw that radical
organization and labor organization be raided. Edgar hoover oversaw the raids.
Deported and arrested many activists and radicals.
The 1920s
Flapper- young women that expressed their
social freedoms, leaving the nest and going out into the wolrd, short hair,
sex, liquor, makeup
Second Ku Klux Klan – sparked by the movie birth of nation
that showed the KKK as the saviors of the south from the blacks. This time it
became more widespread and not just in the south. It grew to 3 million by 1920
Immigration act of 1924 – calvin Coolidge strict
quotas on who was able to come from which countries. Outlawed all chinese by
1924. Socially engineering a white society
Harlem renaissance – a time in which the influx of non African
americans and west indies, jamaicns and Haiti led to a cultural production and
rediscovery of roots and heritage. We have poetry and jazz
Hoovervilles – people were living in shantytowns
and homeless people in many public areas all around the industial cities which
led to an increase in crime drug and poverty. Blamed on the politicians. 10/24/29 panic selloff bank runs, mass
unemployment 30 35. Blamed on the politicians.
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