Renewable Resources, Ores, Etc.
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Mt. Everest, the tallest mountain in the world, is located on the continent of ____________.
Correct Answer:
Asia
A hot body of rock is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a cold body of rock.
Correct Answer:
ductile behavior
A body of rock under high pressure is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock at low pressure.
Correct Answer:
ductile behavior
A body of rock to which a sudden, rapid stress has been applied is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock subjected to a gradually applied stress
Correct Answer:
brittle behavior
Earthquakes only occur ____________ the brittle/ductile transition depth.
Correct Answer:
above
Force per unit area is termed ____________.
Correct Answer:
stress
The distinction between joints and faults is that ____________.
Correct Answer:
faults are fractures along which displacement has occurred; displacement does not occur along joints
A joint always occurs as a single, isolated plane within a rock.
Correct Answer:
false
Most fault surfaces, like joints, are roughly planar in orientation.
Correct Answer:
true
Motion along all faults is either strike-slip or dip-slip; combinations of these two types of displacement are never found together in a single fault.
Correct Answer:
false
Normal, reverse, and thrust are all examples of ____________ faults.
Correct Answer:
dip-slip
Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of ____________ faults.
Correct Answer:
strike-slip
The central portion of high curvature on a fold is termed the fold ____________.
Correct Answer:
hinge
The balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the underlying mantle is termed ____________.
Correct Answer:
isostatic equilibrium
In a ____________ fault, the fault plane is less than 30 ° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block.
Correct Answer:
thrust
In a ____________ fault, the fault plane is greater than 30 ° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block.
Correct Answer:
reverse
In a ____________ fault, the fault plane is nonvertical and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block.
Correct Answer:
normal
The sides of a fold where curvature is at a minimum are termed ____________.
Correct Answer:
limbs
On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a series of parallel lines, with the youngest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.
Correct Answer:
syncline
On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull’s eye pattern of concentric circles, with the youngest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.
Correct Answer:
basin
The youngest geologic unit visible in the cross section is the ____________.
Correct Answer:
conglomerate
The marble rind surrounding the granite pluton must be younger than the limestone according to the principle of ____________.
Correct Answer:
baked contacts
Concerning relative ages of the shale and sandstone, ____________.
Correct Answer:
the sandstone must be older, according to the principle of superposition
Basaltic clasts within the basal layers of the conglomerate imply which of the following statements? (Choose the most correct answer.)
Correct Answer:
B and C are equally correct.
Basaltic clasts within the conglomerate have been radiometrically dated to million years ago (Eocene Epoch of the Tertiary Period). Is this a reliable age for the conglomerate?
Correct Answer:
No, this age is likely too old.
Contact #3 is both a ____________ at various points.
Correct Answer:
disconformity and a nonconformity
James Hutton, the “father of geology,” put forth the principle of ____________.
Correct Answer:
uniformitarianism
In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, younger layers overlay older layers, according to the principle of ____________.
Correct Answer:
superposition
Which of the following geologic principles is a direct result of gravity?
Correct Answer:
original horizontality
Relative ages expressed on the geologic time scale primarily resulted from the study of ____________.
Correct Answer:
fossil content and spatial relationships among sedimentary rocks
Numerical ages for boundaries between time units on the geologic time scale primarily resulted from the study of ____________, in conjunction with relative age data.
Correct Answer:
radiometric dating of igneous rocks
Which method of correlation is more reliable for determining age equivalence among bodies of rock that are physically isolated by vast distances?
Correct Answer:
fossil correlation
Which eon of geologic time is represented by rocks containing abundant shelly fossils?
Correct Answer:
Phanerozoic
Which proportion of a radioactive isotope is expected to remain in an unaltered (unreacted) state after the passage of three half-lives?
Correct Answer:
one-eighth
Precisely speaking, a measured radiometric age for a mineral crystal within an igneous rock denotes the amount of time that has passed since the ____________.
Correct Answer:
temperature of the crystal became equal to the closure temperature for the mineral
Numerical ages for recent geologic events can sometimes be determined by the study of ____________.
Correct Answer:
all of the above
Which statement best summarizes the development of the geologic time scale
Correct Answer:
Relative ages for sedimentary strata were known well before accurate numerical dates for these rocks could be provided.
If horizontal sedimentary strata overlie tilted strata (and no fault is present), the surface between the horizontal and tilted strata must be a(n) ____________.
Correct Answer:
angular unconformity
In an unweathered sample of igneous rock, the ratio of an unstable isotope to its stable daughter isotope is / . If no daughters were present at the time the rock cooled below closure temperature, and the half-life of the reaction is million years, how old is the rock?
Correct Answer:
million years
Which of the following always varies among multiple isotopes of a single element?
Correct Answer:
atomic mass number
The Hadean is a time in Earth history when ____________.
Correct Answer:
Earth’s interior was so hot that a solid outer crust, if present, was likely being extensively remelted
The Himalayas were produced by the collision of ____________ with southern Asia during the Cenozoic.
Correct Answer:
India
The oldest terrestrial insect fossils are found in rocks from the ____________ period.
Correct Answer:
Devonian
Dinosaurs first appeared during the ____________ period.
Correct Answer:
Triassic
A shield is ____________.
Correct Answer:
a low-lying region where Precambrian rocks crop out
A cratonic platform is ____________.
Correct Answer:
a low-lying region where Precambrian rocks are covered by Phanerozoic sedimentary strata
Geographically, a shield and surrounding platform together are ____________.
Correct Answer:
synonymous with “craton”
The late Paleozoic Hercynian orogen is an event related to the____________.
Correct Answer:
assembly of the supercontinent Pangaea
The earliest forests containing woody trees appeared during the ____________. late Proterozoic
Correct Answer:
middle Paleozoic (in the Devonian Period)
Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic forests were dominated by large ____________.
Correct Answer:
conifers and cycads
An iridium-rich layer of clay, glass spherules, and shocked quartz grains strongly suggests that the K-T boundary extinctions were at least in part caused by ____________.
Correct Answer:
the impact of a bolide (meteoroid or comet)
The Chicxulub crater is located on which continent?
Correct Answer:
North America
Convergence along the western margin of North America during the Cenozoic gave way to rifting forces which created the characteristic topography of the ____________.
Correct Answer:
Basin and Range Province
Once an ancient mountain range is destroyed by erosion, it leaves no detectable record, and therefore geologists can never learn of its past existence.
Correct Answer:
false
Through geologic time, continents have drifted over the surface of Earth, but each continent has always been about as large as it is today.
Correct Answer:
false
Regions on the continents that are experiencing warm climates today have generally experienced colder climates in the past, and vice versa.
Correct Answer:
true
Earth became internally differentiated, with a metallic core distinct from the rocky mantle, during the ____________
Correct Answer:
Hadean Eon
Stromatolites are layered structures produced by the activity of ____________.
Correct Answer:
cyanobacteria
Banded-iron formations were abundantly produced during the ____________.
Correct Answer:
Proterozoic Eon
Which of the following lists contains only fossil fuels?
Correct Answer:
coal, oil, natural gas
A permeable and porous rock, regardless of lithology, is a good candidate to serve as a ____________ in an oil-producing scenario.
Correct Answer:
reservoir rock
Which fossil fuel—oil or natural gas—is found at greater depths within Earth, and why?
Correct Answer:
gas, because it is more stable at high temperatures
Permeability is a measure of ____________.
Correct Answer:
how well the pores within rock are connected
If a drilled well encounters both oil and natural gas, ____________.
Correct Answer:
the gas will naturally be floating on top of the oil
Shale, salt, and fine-grained limestone that is not fractured are all good candidates to serve as ____________ within an oil field.
Correct Answer:
a seal rock
Coal is the altered remains of ancient ____________.
Correct Answer:
plants
Which sequence of coal ranks is ordered from lowest to highest?
Correct Answer:
lignite, bituminous, anthracite
Congress has proposed storing nuclear waste beneath ____________.
Correct Answer:
Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Coal layers buried under less than m of sediment are usually mined with which technique
Correct Answer:
strip mining
Which ores are most commonly concentrated in magmatic deposits?
Correct Answer:
sulfides
MVT (Mississippi-Valley Type) deposits are secondary enrichments primarily of ____________.
Correct Answer:
lead and zinc
The stereotypical gold rush prospector panning for gold in a stream bed is exploiting ____________.
Correct Answer:
placer deposits
Open pits on the surface of Earth, constructed to extract stone for building purposes are called ____________.
Correct Answer:
quarries
Which mineral resources are considered renewable?
No mineral resources are renewable.
Most important mineral resources, including ores, can be expected to last for the next 1000 years.
Correct Answer:
false
Do you live in NYC?
Is your home starting to look a bit messy and dirty?
Have it professionally cleaned by my company!
Check us out or refer us to someone you may know that may need our services.
nationalpremiercleaning.com
If you have any test reviews, homeworks, guides, anything school related that you think can be posted on this website, reach out to me at makingschooleasier@gmail.com
Is your home starting to look a bit messy and dirty?
Have it professionally cleaned by my company!
Check us out or refer us to someone you may know that may need our services.
nationalpremiercleaning.com
If you have any test reviews, homeworks, guides, anything school related that you think can be posted on this website, reach out to me at makingschooleasier@gmail.com
Mt. Everest, the tallest mountain in the world, is located on the continent of ____________.
Correct Answer:
Asia
A hot body of rock is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a cold body of rock.
Correct Answer:
ductile behavior
A body of rock under high pressure is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock at low pressure.
Correct Answer:
ductile behavior
A body of rock to which a sudden, rapid stress has been applied is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock subjected to a gradually applied stress
Correct Answer:
brittle behavior
Earthquakes only occur ____________ the brittle/ductile transition depth.
Correct Answer:
above
Force per unit area is termed ____________.
Correct Answer:
stress
The distinction between joints and faults is that ____________.
Correct Answer:
faults are fractures along which displacement has occurred; displacement does not occur along joints
A joint always occurs as a single, isolated plane within a rock.
Correct Answer:
false
Most fault surfaces, like joints, are roughly planar in orientation.
Correct Answer:
true
Motion along all faults is either strike-slip or dip-slip; combinations of these two types of displacement are never found together in a single fault.
Correct Answer:
false
Normal, reverse, and thrust are all examples of ____________ faults.
Correct Answer:
dip-slip
Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of ____________ faults.
Correct Answer:
strike-slip
The central portion of high curvature on a fold is termed the fold ____________.
Correct Answer:
hinge
The balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the underlying mantle is termed ____________.
Correct Answer:
isostatic equilibrium
In a ____________ fault, the fault plane is less than 30 ° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block.
Correct Answer:
thrust
In a ____________ fault, the fault plane is greater than 30 ° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block.
Correct Answer:
reverse
In a ____________ fault, the fault plane is nonvertical and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block.
Correct Answer:
normal
The sides of a fold where curvature is at a minimum are termed ____________.
Correct Answer:
limbs
On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a series of parallel lines, with the youngest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.
Correct Answer:
syncline
On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull’s eye pattern of concentric circles, with the youngest unit in the center, the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.
Correct Answer:
basin
The youngest geologic unit visible in the cross section is the ____________.
Correct Answer:
conglomerate
The marble rind surrounding the granite pluton must be younger than the limestone according to the principle of ____________.
Correct Answer:
baked contacts
Concerning relative ages of the shale and sandstone, ____________.
Correct Answer:
the sandstone must be older, according to the principle of superposition
Basaltic clasts within the basal layers of the conglomerate imply which of the following statements? (Choose the most correct answer.)
Correct Answer:
B and C are equally correct.
Basaltic clasts within the conglomerate have been radiometrically dated to million years ago (Eocene Epoch of the Tertiary Period). Is this a reliable age for the conglomerate?
Correct Answer:
No, this age is likely too old.
Contact #3 is both a ____________ at various points.
Correct Answer:
disconformity and a nonconformity
James Hutton, the “father of geology,” put forth the principle of ____________.
Correct Answer:
uniformitarianism
In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, younger layers overlay older layers, according to the principle of ____________.
Correct Answer:
superposition
Which of the following geologic principles is a direct result of gravity?
Correct Answer:
original horizontality
Relative ages expressed on the geologic time scale primarily resulted from the study of ____________.
Correct Answer:
fossil content and spatial relationships among sedimentary rocks
Numerical ages for boundaries between time units on the geologic time scale primarily resulted from the study of ____________, in conjunction with relative age data.
Correct Answer:
radiometric dating of igneous rocks
Which method of correlation is more reliable for determining age equivalence among bodies of rock that are physically isolated by vast distances?
Correct Answer:
fossil correlation
Which eon of geologic time is represented by rocks containing abundant shelly fossils?
Correct Answer:
Phanerozoic
Which proportion of a radioactive isotope is expected to remain in an unaltered (unreacted) state after the passage of three half-lives?
Correct Answer:
one-eighth
Precisely speaking, a measured radiometric age for a mineral crystal within an igneous rock denotes the amount of time that has passed since the ____________.
Correct Answer:
temperature of the crystal became equal to the closure temperature for the mineral
Numerical ages for recent geologic events can sometimes be determined by the study of ____________.
Correct Answer:
all of the above
Which statement best summarizes the development of the geologic time scale
Correct Answer:
Relative ages for sedimentary strata were known well before accurate numerical dates for these rocks could be provided.
If horizontal sedimentary strata overlie tilted strata (and no fault is present), the surface between the horizontal and tilted strata must be a(n) ____________.
Correct Answer:
angular unconformity
In an unweathered sample of igneous rock, the ratio of an unstable isotope to its stable daughter isotope is / . If no daughters were present at the time the rock cooled below closure temperature, and the half-life of the reaction is million years, how old is the rock?
Correct Answer:
million years
Which of the following always varies among multiple isotopes of a single element?
Correct Answer:
atomic mass number
The Hadean is a time in Earth history when ____________.
Correct Answer:
Earth’s interior was so hot that a solid outer crust, if present, was likely being extensively remelted
The Himalayas were produced by the collision of ____________ with southern Asia during the Cenozoic.
Correct Answer:
India
The oldest terrestrial insect fossils are found in rocks from the ____________ period.
Correct Answer:
Devonian
Dinosaurs first appeared during the ____________ period.
Correct Answer:
Triassic
A shield is ____________.
Correct Answer:
a low-lying region where Precambrian rocks crop out
A cratonic platform is ____________.
Correct Answer:
a low-lying region where Precambrian rocks are covered by Phanerozoic sedimentary strata
Geographically, a shield and surrounding platform together are ____________.
Correct Answer:
synonymous with “craton”
The late Paleozoic Hercynian orogen is an event related to the____________.
Correct Answer:
assembly of the supercontinent Pangaea
The earliest forests containing woody trees appeared during the ____________. late Proterozoic
Correct Answer:
middle Paleozoic (in the Devonian Period)
Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic forests were dominated by large ____________.
Correct Answer:
conifers and cycads
An iridium-rich layer of clay, glass spherules, and shocked quartz grains strongly suggests that the K-T boundary extinctions were at least in part caused by ____________.
Correct Answer:
the impact of a bolide (meteoroid or comet)
The Chicxulub crater is located on which continent?
Correct Answer:
North America
Convergence along the western margin of North America during the Cenozoic gave way to rifting forces which created the characteristic topography of the ____________.
Correct Answer:
Basin and Range Province
Once an ancient mountain range is destroyed by erosion, it leaves no detectable record, and therefore geologists can never learn of its past existence.
Correct Answer:
false
Through geologic time, continents have drifted over the surface of Earth, but each continent has always been about as large as it is today.
Correct Answer:
false
Regions on the continents that are experiencing warm climates today have generally experienced colder climates in the past, and vice versa.
Correct Answer:
true
Earth became internally differentiated, with a metallic core distinct from the rocky mantle, during the ____________
Correct Answer:
Hadean Eon
Stromatolites are layered structures produced by the activity of ____________.
Correct Answer:
cyanobacteria
Banded-iron formations were abundantly produced during the ____________.
Correct Answer:
Proterozoic Eon
Which of the following lists contains only fossil fuels?
Correct Answer:
coal, oil, natural gas
A permeable and porous rock, regardless of lithology, is a good candidate to serve as a ____________ in an oil-producing scenario.
Correct Answer:
reservoir rock
Which fossil fuel—oil or natural gas—is found at greater depths within Earth, and why?
Correct Answer:
gas, because it is more stable at high temperatures
Permeability is a measure of ____________.
Correct Answer:
how well the pores within rock are connected
If a drilled well encounters both oil and natural gas, ____________.
Correct Answer:
the gas will naturally be floating on top of the oil
Shale, salt, and fine-grained limestone that is not fractured are all good candidates to serve as ____________ within an oil field.
Correct Answer:
a seal rock
Coal is the altered remains of ancient ____________.
Correct Answer:
plants
Which sequence of coal ranks is ordered from lowest to highest?
Correct Answer:
lignite, bituminous, anthracite
Congress has proposed storing nuclear waste beneath ____________.
Correct Answer:
Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Coal layers buried under less than m of sediment are usually mined with which technique
Correct Answer:
strip mining
Which ores are most commonly concentrated in magmatic deposits?
Correct Answer:
sulfides
MVT (Mississippi-Valley Type) deposits are secondary enrichments primarily of ____________.
Correct Answer:
lead and zinc
The stereotypical gold rush prospector panning for gold in a stream bed is exploiting ____________.
Correct Answer:
placer deposits
Open pits on the surface of Earth, constructed to extract stone for building purposes are called ____________.
Correct Answer:
quarries
Which mineral resources are considered renewable?
No mineral resources are renewable.
Most important mineral resources, including ores, can be expected to last for the next 1000 years.
Correct Answer:
false
Do you live in NYC?
Is your home starting to look a bit messy and dirty?
Have it professionally cleaned by my company!
Check us out or refer us to someone you may know that may need our services.
nationalpremiercleaning.com
If you have any test reviews, homeworks, guides, anything school related that you think can be posted on this website, reach out to me at makingschooleasier@gmail.com