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Sociology

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What place has the individual in Durkheim's thought? 

According to Durkheim, the individual is a small part in the larger unit of society. He states that all societies have social solidarity and cohesion and that the group of members that make up society are completely dependent on others. The society that we live in is external to us and places constraints on us. Therefore any individuality that we think that we may have is actually a result of the society we live in. Durkheim says "the individual is then, a creation of organic solidarity in the sense that a creature with individuality is truly only conceivable and possible within a certain kind of society...The society creates the individual, not the other way around."  With this statement he is demonstrating that the individual is only a product of the society they live in. They are in other words only a small part of the puzzle that cannot be studied as a unit but only when part of the larger picture.

Why does Durkheim put so much emphasis on non-contractual elements of contract? 

He wants to emphasize that there is no such thing as individuality. He shows this by proving that even contracts and other social organizations have some sort of moral framework that if not stated explicitly, have some underlying assumptions. He says that there had to be a society that precedes the individual in order for there to be a framework of morality to base these contracts on.  On page 57 Durkheim says, " Non contractual elements in contact oppose the idea that the actions of an individual can antedate the existence of society- this contract or capacity to perform actions presupposes the existence of a social framework."  With this statement he opposes Rousseau's opinion that individuals form their own contractual arrangements which later creates the society. 


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